Pituitary gland - Balance Clinic

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain behind the nose. Known as the "master gland," it plays a pivotal role in regulating critical bodily functions and hormones. What does the pituitary gland do? The pituitary is often called the most complex organ in the human body. This tiny gland is responsible for controlling and coordinating activity across the endocrine system by secreting hormones into the bloodstream. Key roles include:

• Regulating growth - The anterior lobe secretes human growth hormone (HGH), which stimulates growth of bone and soft tissues. Lack of HGH can cause dwarfism; excess can lead to gigantism.
• Influencing metabolism - Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary signals the thyroid to release hormones that control metabolism and temperature regulation.
• Triggering puberty - The pituitary secretes hormones that activate production of estrogen and testosterone.
• Controlling reproduction - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) regulate ovulation and sperm production.
• Producing breast milk - Prolactin initiates and sustains milk production after childbirth.
• Managing water balance - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates fluid balance and allows the body to conserve water.

What happens when the pituitary malfunctions? When the pea-sized pituitary gland doesn't function properly, it can wreak havoc on the body. Pituitary disorders include:

• Pituitary tumors - These benign growths can press on surrounding nerves and tissues, causing hormone over- or under-production.
• Pituitary apoplexy - Sudden bleeding into a tumor causes severe headaches, vision changes, and hormone impairment.
• Hypopituitarism - The pituitary fails to produce normal levels of key hormones, often due to tumors or head trauma.

How is the pituitary gland treated and managed? Depending on the underlying cause, pituitary disorders may be managed with:

• Medications to restore normal hormone levels
• Surgery to remove tumors pressing on the pituitary
• Hormone therapy to replace deficient hormones
• Regular monitoring of pituitary function

With treatment, many people with pituitary conditions can manage their symptoms and lead full lives. However, disorders of this master gland can be complex and difficult to diagnose. If you suspect a problem, be sure to discuss your symptoms with a knowledgeable endocrinologist at Balance Clinic. Tracking changes and asking the right questions are key to getting the proper treatment you need.