Decreased bone density - Balance Clinic

What is decreased bone density?

Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia or osteoporosis, is a condition where bones become weaker and have lower density, making them more prone to fractures. This happens when new bone formation cannot keep up with the rate of old bone resorption.

There are a few key things to understand about decreased bone density:

• It is often caused by hormonal changes, aging, or certain medications
• Risk factors include family history, low calcium intake, smoking, and lack of exercise
• It can be prevented and treated through proper nutrition, weight-bearing exercise, not smoking, and some medications
• Bone mineral density (BMD) tests like DXA scans measure bone health and fracture risk
• Decreased density causes little obvious symptoms initially - it's often "silent" until fractures occur from minor stresses

How does bone density decrease?

Bone undergoes remodeling throughout life - old bone tissue is continually resorbed and replaced by new bone tissue. As we age, this remodeling process can become imbalanced. More bone is resorbed than is reformed, leading to weaker, less dense bones over time.

In women, the rapid decline of estrogen levels during menopause accelerates bone loss significantly. Certain diseases, medications, and lifestyle factors also tip the scale towards more resorption. Genetics play a role as well.

What are the consequences?

• More prone to painful bone fractures, particularly in the wrist, spine, and hip
• Loss of height over time as vertebrae collapse
• Back pain or change in posture from collapsed vertebrae
• Disability and loss of independence after debilitating hip fractures

So in summary, decreased bone density is a common but preventable age-related condition where bone resorption outpaces formation, leading to weaker and more fracture-prone bones. Getting BMD tests periodically, eating well, exercising, and modifying risk factors can help maintain strong, healthy bones.